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2015. Том 10. Выпуск 1. ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ВРЕМЯ ТЕКСТА / SPACE AND TIME OF THE TEXT / RAUM UND ZEIT DES TEXTES

АНАЛИТИКА ТЕКСТА / ANALYTICS OF TEXT / ANALYTIK DES TEXTES

Костылев П.Н. 

Академическое чтение в гуманитарных науках 

Костылев Павел Николаевич, старший преподаватель Философского факультета МГУ имени
М.В. Ломоносова, главный редактор журнала «Религиоведческие исследования»

E-mail: relig@yandex.ru

В статье представлены основные проблемы академического чтения (на примере гуманитарных наук), описаны трудности, возникающие при формировании навыков академического чтения и связанных с ними навыков академического письма. Представлена типология стратегий академического чтения, даны их краткие описания и контекст на примере зарубежной исследовательской литературы. 

Ключевые слова: академическое чтение, академическое письмо, академическая грамотность, гуманитарное знание, стратегии чтения. 

Литература

Доступ из сети МГУ к электронным текстам научных журналов и книг [Электронный ресурс] // Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова. Режим доступа: http://www.msu.ru/ resources/electron.html.

Короткина И.Б. Академическое письмо: новые события, новые перспективы // Высшее образование в России. 2013. № 4. С. 99—100.

Костылев П.Н. Религиоведческое исследование в эпоху информационных технологий: на примере когнитивной теории религии // Религиозность в изменяющемся мире: Сб. материалов I Международной зимней религиоведческой школы, г. Волгоград, 28 янв. — 3 февр. 2008 г. Волгоград: Изд-во ВолГУ, 2008. С. 71—78.

Лытаева М.А., Талалакина Е.В. Academic skills: сущность, модель, практика // Вопросы образования. 2011. № 4. С. 178—201.

Мамардашвили М.К. Психологическая топология пути. М.: Фонд Мераба Мамардашвили, 2014.

Олейник А.Н., Кирдина С.Г., Попова И.П., Шаталова Т.Ю. Как учёные читают друг друга: основы теории академического чтения и ее эмпирическая проверка // Социологические исследования. 2013. № 8. С. 30—41.

Стратегии академического чтения и письма. Выпуск 5 / Ред. колл. М.А. Гусаковский, Д.И. Губаревич, Е.Ф. Карпиевич, И.Е. Осипчик; Белорусский государственный университет. Центр проблем развития образования. Мн.: Пропилеи, 2007.

Ярская-Смирнова Е. Создание академического текста: учебное пособие для студентов и преподавателей вузов. М.: ООО «Вариант»; ЦСПГИ, 2013.

Adler M. How To Read A Book: The Art of Getting a Liberal Education. New York: Simon and Shuster Inc., 1940.

Afflerbach P., Pearson P.D., Paris S.G. "Clarifying Differences between Reading Skills and Reading Strategies." Reading Teacher 61.5 (2008): 364—373.

Boulware-Gooden R., Carreker S., Thornhill A., Joshi R.M. "Instruction of Metacognitive Strategies Enhances Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Achievement of Third-Grade Students." Reading Teacher 61.1 (2007): 70—77.

Geisler C. Academic Literacy and the Nature of Expertise: Reading, Writing, and Knowing in Academic Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge, 2013.

Hirano E. "I Read, I Don’t Understand”: Refugees Coping with Academic Reading." Elt Journal 69.2 (2015): 178—187.

Macceca S. Reading Strategies for Social Studies. Huntington Beach, CA: Shell Educational, 2007.

McNamara D.S. "The Importance of Teaching Reading Strategies." Perspectives on Language and Literacy 35.2 (2009): 34—38. 

Volentine R., Tenopir C. "Value of Academic Reading and Value of the Library in Academics’ Own Words." Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives 65.4 (2013): 425—440.

Kostylev P.N. 

Academic Reading in the Humanities

Pavel N. Kostylev, M.H. (Philosophy), Ph.D. student, Senior lecturer at Philosophical Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University

E-mail: relig@yandex.ru 

The problem of academic skills (i.e. the complex, which includes academic writing, academic reading, academic performance, academic skills, etc.) is increasingly becoming the subject of both teaching and research. Importance of academic reading among the academic skills is fundamental and requires careful study.

My article is a brief sketch on problem statement in humanitarian academic reading strategies and their classification that are subjects of my research. For these goals, I use general philosophical and logical methods. As the result, I represent a typology of strategies for academic reading. Thus, for the purposes of academic reading, we can speak about six strategies:

(i) Ultra-fast, or exploratory reading, which is a kind of viewing the literature ‘on the diagonal’, in the case of reading electronic sources, often with a keyword search. This strategy is used when we need to find a specific location in the book (maybe even page), which is required for the purposes of research;

(ii) Rapid (recapitulative) reading, which is used for detecting desired location in the text; such fragment of the text is immediately written out (copied) with simultaneous indication of the bibliographic information;

(iii) Slow (deep, or absorbed) reading, which always marked reading philosophical and (or) religious literature. More complex format of slow reading is reading with (critical) analysis;

(iv) Contextual reading, or reading, when the reader moves freely from one strategy to another, because he is good at the context. This kind of reading is characteristic for those authors who for many years seriously read to read themselves into their research issues. This kind of reading is possible as an analytical one;

(v) Reviewing reading, i.e., strategy for the reading diploma, dissertations, research papers and monographs for their review; when using this strategy the reader pays attention mainly on the shortcomings of the text.

(v) Supportive (competence-based) reading, at which we read scientific literature to be informed in recent developments in science, or to improve our competence in it.

My conclusion is the cardinal obstacle to development of academic writing skills are (i) a lack of understanding of both the need to reading large amounts of text and development of relevant literature search techniques, and (ii) application of the wrong strategies of reading scientific literature.

Keywords: academic skills, academic reading, academic writing, academic literacy, humanities, reading strategies.

References:

"Access from the Network of Moscow State University to Electronic Texts of Scientific Journals and Books." Lomonosov Moscow State University. Lomonosov Moscow State University, n.d. Web: <http://www.msu.ru/ resources/electron.html>. (In Russian).

Adler M. How To Read A Book: The Art of Getting a Liberal Education. New York: Simon and Shuster Inc., 1940.

Afflerbach P., Pearson P.D., Paris S.G. "Clarifying Differences between Reading Skills and Reading Strategies." Reading Teacher 61.5 (2008): 364—373.

Boulware-Gooden R., Carreker S., Thornhill A., Joshi R.M. "Instruction of Metacognitive Strategies Enhances Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Achievement of Third-Grade Students." Reading Teacher 61.1 (2007): 70—77.

Geisler C. Academic Literacy and the Nature of Expertise: Reading, Writing, and Knowing in Academic Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge, 2013.

Gusakovsky M.A., Gubarevich D.I., Karpievich E.F., Osipchik I.E., eds. Strategies for Academic Reading and Writing. Minsk: Propilei Publisher, 2007, issue 5. (In Russian).

Hirano E. "I Read, I Don’t Understand”: Refugees Coping with Academic Reading." Elt Journal 69.2 (2015): 178—187.

Korotkina I.B. "Academic Writing, New Events, New Prospects." Higher Education in Russia 4 (2013): 99—100. (In Russian).

Kostylev P.N. "Religious Studies in Epoch of Information Technology: Case Study of Cognitive Theory of Religion." Religiosity in a Changing World: Proceedings of the 1st International Winter Theological School (Volgograd, 28 Jan. — 3 Feb. 2008). Volgograd: Volgograd State University Publisher, 2008, pp, 71—78. (In Russian).

Lytaeva M.A., Talalakina E.V. "Academic Skills: Essence, Model, Practice." Problems of Education 4 (2011): 178—201. (In Russian).

Macceca S. Reading Strategies for Social Studies. Huntington Beach, CA: Shell Educational, 2007.

Mamardashvili M.K. Psichological Topology of Path. Moscow: Meraba Mamardashvili’s Fondation Publisher, 2014. (In Russian).

McNamara D.S. "The Importance of Teaching Reading Strategies." Perspectives on Language and Literacy 35.2 (2009): 34—38.

Oleynik A.N., Kirdina S.G., Popova I.P., Shatalova T.Yu. "How Scolars Read Each Other: Foundations of the Academic Reading Theory and Its Empirical Verification." Sociological Researches 8 (2013): 30—41.

Volentine R., Tenopir C. "Value of Academic Reading and Value of the Library in Academics’ Own Words." Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives 65.4 (2013): 425—440. 

Yarskaya-Smirnova E. Creating Academic Text. Moscow: Variant Publisher; Center for Social Policy and Gender Studies Publisher, 2013. (In Russian).